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英语重叠词探微, English reduplications  发贴心情 Post By:2007-10-18 11:15:00

英语重叠词探微

刘桂兰
(湖北咸宁学院外国语学院,湖北 咸宁 437100)

摘 要:英语词汇中的重叠词生动活泼,在文学作品中经常出现,增添了许多微妙的语言表达,丰富了言语内涵。本文对英语重叠词的词语构成、词源和语用特征进行分析和总结,从而探索其应用功能。

关键词:重叠词;词源;语用功能
[中图分类号]H319
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1006-2831(2006)12-0063-5

Abstract: English reduplications are an important part of English vocabulary, they play a fresh role in literature—novelty in form, harmony in sound, expressive in style. This paper sets out to analyze the formations and categorize English reduplications, and tries to summarize its origins and pragmatic functions.
Key words: English reduplications, lexical origins, pragmatic functions

收稿日期:2006-9-28

1.引言
语言的基本构成是词语,词语是声音和意义的结合。语言讲究声音美,词语的声音配合得和谐,有助于意义的表达。英语中的重叠词是词汇中音义完美结合的典型。重叠词(reduplications)是指词根语素通过重叠形式而构成一个新词。它可以是由两个相同的词根或音节重叠构成的合成词。因为这一类词语前后两部分发音近似,根据其音韵特征称之为“叠声词”。这类词大多通过重复一个词的基本音节而派生来的,在构词学上称之为重叠词(reduplications or reduplicatives)。从语法的角度讲,重叠词是由两个单词组成,故在造词形式上称之为“双词语”或“结合词”(two-part or wedded words)。作为合成词的一种,英语重叠词利用音节重叠或是词素重叠,构成叠声合成词,它多数是名词,也可转化为形容词、动词或副词。从修辞的角度讲,英语重叠词能够表达不同的附加意义和感**彩,它与汉语的双声或叠韵词有很大的相似性。英语词汇中的重叠词数量虽然不如汉语同类词多,构词能力也不及汉语重叠词,但因其显明的形式而在语音、构词和修辞上极富表现力。作为英语修辞的一种手段,英语重叠词多出现于口语中,但当文章中出现这种词汇时,往往可以造成一种清新活泼的语言效果,意韵无穷,它是用来加强言词的一种手段。本文拟针对英语重叠词的特点、语音效果、词法规律及修辞作用作一综述。

2.词法
英语重叠词利用不同方式的重叠构成,主要部分都是双声构成;而音韵的重叠又各不相同,下文主要从音韵重叠的角度来谈。
按现代词汇学的观点,英语重叠词属于次要拟声(secondary onomatopoeia),即通过词中的元音或辅音的替换构成,也就是重叠部分有变化,包括对词根开头词素、中间词素和词尾词素作变动后叠复三种情况,统称跳弹式重叠(ricochet words)。重叠部分没有变化的叫做同名重叠,或重名(tautonyms)。英语中的许多单词是双音节以上的词,经过仔细分类,利用叠韵构成的词又可分为头韵词、尾韵词、双韵词、双声叠韵词和叠词。
(1)头韵重叠词(alliterative reduplications)
利用头韵构成的重叠词,是通过首字母相同的词语构成语义相关、形式对等的复合表达。如:sea-saw(跷跷板,秋千),shipshape(整整齐齐,井井有条),spick-span(崭新的)。
(2)尾韵重叠词(rhyming reduplications)
利用尾韵(consonance)构成的重叠词,是通过词语中辅音的更替和主要音节音韵的重叠构成,两词之间语义相关。即C1VC(etc.)—C2VC (etc.)型:这种类型中第一个辅音或辅音群被替换。尽管在意第绪语以fancy-shmancy为范例的情形一般用[shm-]替代第一个辅音字母,英语中这种情形不多,但有其它的替代语素,如willy-nilly(不管愿意不愿意,不容分辨),sci-fi(science fiction的简写,科幻小说),nitty-gritty(事实真相)等等。这种重叠词的两个构成部分都有自身的意义,都源于独立的、有不同语义的词或词素,如sci-fi就是来自于sci[ence] fi[ction],通过改变fi-中的元音与sci-形成音韵。尾韵重叠词罗列如下:
abracadabra(咒语,胡言乱语),boogie-woogie(一种爵士乐,亦作boogie),bow-wow(狗吠的声音),chock- a-block(摆满,塞满),claptrap(应景的,讨好的言语或行为),fuddy-duddy(老古板,老古董),fuzzbuzz(忙乱,喧闹),fuzzy-wuzzy(糊涂),handy-dandy(一种猜对方哪手中握有物的游戏),hanky-panky(愚弄,捣鬼),harum- scarum(冒失,鲁莽),heebie-jeebies(神经过敏),helter-skelter(手忙脚乱,狼狈的),herky-jerky (忽动忽停的,抽动),hi-fi(高保真的),higgledy-piggledy(乱七八糟),hobnob(混得很熟,交往甚密),hocus- pocus(欺骗,花招),hodge-podge(=hotchpotch,大杂烩),hoity-toity(傲慢,目中无人),holus- bolus(一下子),honey-bunny(小乖乖),hubble-bubble(冒泡声),hubbub(喧闹声),huff-buff(无线电高频测向仪),hugger-mugger(秘密,杂乱),humpty-dumpty(矮胖,粗短),hurdy-gurdy(街头艺人用的手摇琴), hurly-burly(乱乱哄哄,喧闹),hurry-scurry(慌乱),itsy-bitsy,itty-bitty(极小的),jiggery -pockery(欺骗),jinx-hex(克星,背运),knicker-bocker(纽约人),linsey-woolsey(棉毛织品), loosey-goosey(疲沓松垮),lovey-dovey(多情的),mumbo-jumbo(繁文缛节,莫名其妙的话),namby- pamby(无生气的,易伤感的人),nimbly-bimbly(灵巧敏捷),niminy-piminy(矫饰做作、拘泥形式的),nitty- gritty(真相,细节,关键的关键),nitwit(笨蛋,傻瓜),okey-dokey, palsy-walsy(要好的),pee-wee(矮小),pell-mell(乱七八糟的),peg-leg(装假腿的人),picnic(< 法>pique拾+nique甜食=野餐),popsy-wopsy(对小孩的爱称:宝贝),raggle-taggle(杂色的),rat- tat (rat-tat-tat, ratatat, rat-a-tat ;叩击声,敲击声),razzle-dazzle(大哄大嗡,浮华),razzmatazz(大哄大嗡,虚假动作),roly-poly(卷布丁,圆胖),sci-fi(科幻),super-duper(极出色的,非常好的),teenie-weenie, teeny-weeny(微小,极小),tidbit(=titbit)(珍闻,小栏报导),tootsy-wootsy(宝贝),tutti- frutti(什锦蜜饯),
walkie-lookie(一种手提式摄像机),walkie-talkie(背式步话机),willy-nilly(不管是否愿意),wingding(闹酒狂欢,喝酒聚会)等等。
(3)双韵重叠词(female rime reduplications) 或叫元音变换重叠词(ablaut reduplications)
在英语语汇中,通过元音变换或利用双韵构成重叠词,因其前辅音相同形成了双声,而其后辅音也相同,这样更加强了韵味。这种通过元音变换构成的重叠词,即押尾韵又押头韵,其第一个元音几乎总是高元音而变换的元音是低元音,第一个元音往往为前元音而第二个元音为后元音。简单表示为CV1C-CV2C型。
如: bric-a-brac(小古董),chitchat(闲谈,聊天),coca-cola(可口可乐),criss-cross(十字形,纵横交错的), dilly-dally(磨磨蹭蹭,得过且过),ding-dong(丁当声),ficto-facto(事实上,实际上),fiddle-faddle (胡扯,大惊小怪),flimflam(胡言乱语),flip-flop(拍答拍答),flip-flop(凉鞋,后空翻),flipperty- flopperty(松驰地下垂着),hip-hop(一种文化模式,包括说唱音乐、涂鸦艺术和霹雳舞),jim-jam(神经过敏),jingle- jangle(丁丁当当),kit-kat(=kit-cat半身画像),knick-knack(装饰品),mishmash(混杂物),niddle -noddle(不断地点头),ping-pong(乒乓,桌球),pit-a-pat(劈劈啪啪的声音),pitter-patter(雨声,类似下雨的声),prittle-prattle(空谈),riff-raff(乌合之众,地痞流氓),riprap(乱石堆),shilly-shally(犹犹豫豫),singsong(歌舞会),skimble-skamble(随口说出),snip-snap(机智的对答),teeny-tiny(小的),teeter-totter(玩跷跷板,上下晃动),tictac(滴答声,跳动声),tictoc(滴答声),tick-tack(<英国赛马经纪人之间用手表示的>秘密信号),tick-tock(动力,动因),tick-tack(滴答声),tip-top(绝顶,最高点,黄金时代),tittle-tattle(闲聊,杂谈),topsy-turvy(颠三倒四),whimsy-whamsy(怪念头),wish-wash(淡而无味),wishy-washy(空洞无物),zigzag(蜿蜒曲折)等等。
(4) 纯粹的叠词或叫同名重叠(exact reduplications or tautonyms)
构词两部分是同一词素的复叠,类似嘤嘤儿语(baby-talk-like)。这类重叠词有:bla-bla(饶舌),bonbon(<法语 >小糖果),bye-bye(再见),choo-choo([儿]火车头;火车头的噗噗声),chop-chop(快点,赶快),chow-chow(中国咸菜, 腌什锦菜,糖渍),clank-clank(链子声),coocoo(<美俚>疯狂的,狂放不羁的),crack-crack(劈拍声),drip-drip(雨水声),dum-dum(达姆弹<一种击中目标就马上扩散的杀伤力很强的子弹头>,笨蛋),fifty-fifty(对半),go-go(表演戈戈舞),goody-goody(伪善的),ho-ho(嗬嗬 <乐开怀的笑声>),knock-knock(敲敲打打),no-no(不可作之事,禁忌),pee-pee(尿尿,**),pooh- pooh(表示轻蔑),pretty-pretty(打扮得很俗气的),rah-rah(<大学生体育比赛中的>为己方大声叫好的,好哇的欢呼声),snip-snip(剪声),so-so(马马虎虎,不好不坏的),tap-tap(打字机的声音),thump-thump(砰然声),tsk -tsk(<表示不赞成、同情、不耐烦等>啧啧,咂咂声),tut-tut(<表示不赞同或不耐烦的>啧啧声),wee-wee (**)等。
以上几种重叠词都没有复制的构词能力,也就是说,形式相对固定,一般不会再出现新词,但下面一类比较特殊。
(5)shm-重叠词(shm-reduplication)
音素shm-加在重复词词首,代替第一个辅音字母构成特殊重叠词,表示一定程度的轻视或语义消解。对于语言学习者来说,这一类词不常见。shm-重叠词一般即时构成,属于口语或儿语,如:baby-shmaby(小毛头,小囡囡),car-shmar(小车车)。marry-shmarry(所谓婚姻类的),doctor-shmoctor, history-shmistory等。这一词缀不限于附加在名次前,还可加在形容词和动词前构成重叠词。如: fancy-shmancy(什么奇幻),patient-shmatient,manage-shmanage,praying-shmaying。这类重叠词充分体现了词汇意义的不确定性。

3.词源
英语中的重叠词,除了少数的拟声词可以临时构成外,大多数都可在词典中找到。重叠词的来源大致可分为以下几种:
3.1 源于语言自身的发展和衍化
摹仿大自然声音的拟声词:hubble-bubble(沸腾声);rat-tat(敲门声);hush-hush(嘘声);yum-yum(啧啧声,表示吃好东西或想吃好东西时的快乐);tu-whit, tu-whoo(嘟噫—嘟呼,模拟猫头鹰的鸣叫声)。拟声词反映了语言的发展规律:现有声后有形。英语叠音词多为拟声词(如tsk-tsk)或非正式用语词(如hanky-panky)。
还有不少的重叠词仅仅是为了押韵而加上后半部分的。如:fiddle(胡扯),逐渐演变成fiddle- faddle一词,它的意思不变,但听上去比fiddle好。又如 hurly-burly来自hurly(冲突和嘈杂)。topsy-turvy(上下颠倒),top是“顶”,一件物体的最上端,turve是个旧词,即颠倒之意。而topsy-turvy中的 ?y? ?sy?没有任何意思,加上后只是为了押韵罢了。这类词还有一些,比如,flimflam(胡言乱语),hocus-pocus(胡编乱造),dilly -dally(磨磨蹭蹭),nitty-gritty(关键的关键)。
另外,语言形式在使用中也不断变异,如shilly-shally是犹豫不决的意思,当一个人不知道怎么办的时候就可能这样自问“Shall I? Shall I?”后来就慢慢地变成了现在的形式:“shilly-shally”。又如willy-nilly,原先有几种不同的形式:“Will I? nil I.”或“will he? nil he.”其中“nil”为古英语词,意指不愿意或不想要某物。这种表达到后来就慢慢简化成willy-nilly(无论是否愿意)。从古英语词汇沿用至今的重叠词有不少,因此在现代英语中重叠词逐渐普遍。
3.2 源于社会生活
语言是人类智慧的结晶,它来源于生活并反映生活。英语词汇中除拟声词外还有状物的重叠词。重叠是显示重复活动的单词的典型,seesaw(来自于动词 saw)和teeter-tooter(来自teeter,如在悬崖边缘摇摇欲坠中)都说明了被称为重叠的语言学的进程,即一个单词或一个音节的重叠,但通常有一个不同的元音。通常称为跷跷板的户外玩具有很多地区性的名称,在新英格兰最小的地区就有很多种类:tilt或tilting board;teedle board;dandle或 dandle board;teeter或teeter board等。然而 teeter-totter可能是仅次于see-saw之后最普通的词,表示跨在跷跷板上一上一下的重复动作。又如悠悠玩具yo-yo既是商标名又是描摹反复上下起落的事物。
许多重叠词是随着人类社会的进步和科技的发展而出现的。如一些商标和专业设备的名称及其特性描述语:ping-pong(table-tennis乒乓球),handie-talkie(手提式步话机),coca-cola(一种清凉饮料),hasty-tasty(速食,煎饼屋),cell-yell (用手机大声地交谈,喊话);hi-fi(=high fidelity)(<收音机、录音机等>具有高保真度),huff-duff (=high frequency direction finder)([俚]无线电高频测向仪)等首字母缩写词。
3.3 源于文化传统
humpty-dumpty(矮胖的,粗短的)该词源于儿歌Humpty-dumpty,为一蛋状人物。heeble-jeeble(神经过敏)和 hotsy-totsy(好的,妙的)都来自于美国漫画家Billy DeBeck的作品。Namby-pamby是英国十六世纪感伤诗人Ambrose Philips 的绰号,后用此喻文风浮华而枯燥无味。knicker-bocker是Washington Irving的作品中自称为纽约史的编著人Diedrick Knickerbocker演变而来,后借指纽约人。whack-Iraq(摧垮伊拉克)来自于时事新闻,如 :“Dems support Bush's plan to whack Iraq”(PETE YOST, The Associated Press. June 16)。
众所周知,莎士比亚的作品是语言的宝库,其中就有许多新颖的重叠用语,如:
King Lear: "Hark, in thine ear: change places; and, handy-dandy, which is the justice, which is the thief?"(handy-dandy: 猜<哪手中握有物>游戏)
Macbeth: "When the hurlyburly's done, when the battle's lost and won"(hurly-burly: 喧闹,骚乱)
3.4 源于外来语
beriberi“脚气病”(由于缺乏维B1生素而引起的神经系统疾病),这一词是僧迦罗语beri(弱)的重叠。couscous(粉蒸肉)是从阿拉伯语kuskus借用而来的法语词(表示北非的一道菜,将粗麦粉蒸熟,与煮好的肉和水果一起吃)。意大利语词tutti-frutti表示什锦水果冰淇淋、什锦蜜饯。来自法语的 bric-a-brac一词,语意为“小装饰品、小摆设”,相当于英语词knickknacks ;而英语词knickknacks本身是旧词knack(原义为小玩具)的重叠。法语词源词tutu原是小儿语“屁股”的变异,现指芭蕾舞演员穿的短裙。还有chow-chow源自汉语(广东话),表示食物、混杂、狗(中国家犬)。kowtow来自汉语,意思是叩头、磕头。这些词基本上都来自于日常生活中的衣食住行,反映了色彩纷呈的异域民族文化。
另外,受意第绪语的影响,英语在使用中产生了一些诙谐幽默的叠词,如marry-schmarry,fancy-schmancy等。有时重叠部分变化很大,甚至难以追根溯源,hunky-dory(极好的)就是极好的一例。

4.语用功能
重叠词讲究韵律、形象清新、节奏感强;读起来琅琅上口,听上去响亮悦耳,让人有如身临其境,目睹其人的感受,这种谐音大大地增添了词的表现力。首先,英语的双声叠韵词能加强语言的乐感,还能借助形式,表达反复连续的动作或杂乱不规则的状态,给读者以深刻的印象。其次,英语重叠词还能够表达特殊的感**彩,如厌恶、亲切、轻蔑、滑稽等。如no-no表示绝对禁止,即表示一种强调。另外,英语重叠词既可以用来表示夸张或加重语气,另一方面又可以使词义变得轻微,语气显得舒缓,达到消解词义的目的。既可以进行浓墨重彩的强调陈述,又可以达到轻描淡写的低调陈述。重叠词常起的修辞作用主要表现在以下方面:
A.拟声(to imitate sounds)
And all argle-bargling suggested it was at the end of the fair. (讨价还价的嘈杂声)
The bell goes ding-dang. (叮当作响)
There came the jingle-jangle of metallic objects in the cart. (金属品的丁丁当当声)
Some people are not used to the hub-bub of the city. (喧嚣)
The market in the morning is usually filled with hurly-burly. (喧闹)
上述例子中划线标识词都是拟声的叠词,比抽象的sound(声音)、noisy(噪声)显得具体、生动,增加了句子的声音美。
B.摹状(to simulate manners)
Electric networks criss-cross the whole island.(交叉往来)
The drunkard zig-zagged along the road. (弯弯曲曲地走)
The blinds flip-flopped in the wind. (摇曳、拍答拍答地响)
She pitter-pattered along the hallway. (哒哒啪啪地走)
When rain suddenly came, the pedestrians ran helter-skelter. (狼狈地)
It is a hush-hush report not to be made public.(密不可宣的)
The two gossips, when coming together, would tittle-tattle to the slander of others. (喋喋不休)
Away they ran, pell-mell, helter-skelter, yelling-screaming, knocking down the passenger as they turn the corner. (乱七八糟;慌慌张张;大喊大叫着)
上述例子中的criss-cross, zig-zag分别描摹出十字交叉状和之字形弯曲往回的动态神貌,flip-flop,pitter-patter表达了单调的反复连续的动作。而 higgledy-piggledy,pell-mell,helter-skelter, yelling-screaming通过描述动作的不规则性和不稳定性表达了杂乱无章,混乱不堪的情形。
C.传情(to express feelings)
Don誸 play hanky-panky with your friends. (阴谋诡计)
What linsey-woolsey hast thou to speak to us again. (乱七八糟的混账话)
He is shilly-shally about it in his mind. (犹豫不决)
For a month the governor had dilly-dallied over the choice of a successor. (磨磨蹭蹭)
He just listened for a while and pooh-poohed her idea. (嘘嘘地表示反对, 嗤之以鼻)
She was so round and roly-poly I used to wonder how she ever moved fast enough to catch hold a bird. (矮矮胖胖)
The boy said bye-bye to his parents. (再见)
A baby book補 scrapbook...filled with pictures, and sentimental ashtrays, and other such bric-a-brac like dried flowers and crayon drawings, and other relics and records of my childhood. (各种小古董)
上述例子中的shilly-shally,linsey-woolsey,dilly-dally,hanky-panky,pooh-pooh表达了厌恶、不耐烦、轻蔑等不同感情,roly-poly表示滑稽可笑,bye-bye,bric-a-brac则突出亲切可爱。
D.强调(to emphasize effects)
Love pit-a-patted in their hearts. (心脏扑扑直跳)
This week a record is being made in the output of blah-blah, bunkum, and hypocrisy. (瞎话)
Existing economic system was taken over holus-bolus. (一古脑儿全盘)
The defeated soldiers retreated pell-mell. (一团糟)
Willy-nilly, every youth must serve in the army for three years. (不管是否愿意)
上述例句子中的英语叠词都起着夸张的修辞作用。
E.淡化(to weaken results)
(People) had always had the impression that sex was sin...here it was treated without any hugger-mugger or snacking. (<毫不>神秘,<无可>非议)
He is not a bit fuddy-duddy professor in a classroom of rowdy boys. (一本正经的、古板的)
The graduating students had a pleasant sing-song in the garden. (歌唱会)
这里英语叠词hugger-mugger,fuddy-duddy与否定词连用表示一点也不;sing-song的语用是轻描淡写,以常用词代替正式词,有意识地把气氛渲染得轻松、随意。以弱说代替强说是低调陈述的一种方式,旨在淡化处理,追求的是语义模糊。
总之,重叠词的拟声、摹状、传情、强调及淡化作用往往通过语音修辞(头韵、半谐音、拟声)、美学修辞(比喻、借代、拟人、移情、婉言、迂回、对偶等)等不同修辞手法达到语言交际的语用目的。

5.结语
语言是思维的载体,依附于有声的外壳,因此首先诉之于听觉,或内在的听觉。语言的表达有赖于语言的交际功能与美学价值的结合。在这个过程中,语言内在的音乐性要求我们在说话或写作时选择具有节奏感和韵律美的词语,以加强语言的感染力。英语重叠词正好能达到这样的语用目的。虽然英语重叠词数量不多,使用范畴也有限制,大多数属于非正式用语词,通常都不在严肃的场合出现,但它们形象清新、丰富,具有一定的韵律和较强的节奏感,用法灵活多变,在句中可作形容词、副词、动词或名词等,在文体中可起不同的修饰作用。


参考文献
E.S.C Weiner & J.M.Hawkins. The Oxford Guide to the English Language. Oxford Press, 1985.
Longman Dictionary of Comtemporary English, 1997(8).
Moravcsik, Edith. Reduplicative constructions. In J. H. Greenberg (Ed.), Universals of human language: Word structure (Vol. 3, pp. 297-334). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1978.
Nevins, Andrew; and Vaux, Bert. Metalinguistic, shmetalinguistic: The phonology of shm-reduplication, 2003. (Presented at the Chicago Linguistics Society, April 2003). (Online version: http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~nevins/schm.pdf).
Thun, Nils. Reduplicative words in English: A study of formations of the types tick-tock, hurly-burly, and shilly-shally. Uppsala, 1963.
http://Welcome to the Echo-Word Reduplication Lexicon page
http:// Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Reduplication
范家材. 英语修辞赏析. 上海交通大学出版社,1992(5).
新英汉词典. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979.
金山词霸. 美国传统词典.
汤普森(Thompson, D.)(英)主编,牛津袖珍英汉双解词典,北京:外语教学与研究出版社:2002(5).
本贴来自多媒体乐学奇境 http://www.dumengqiu.cn/


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  发贴心情 Post By:2007-10-18 11:15:00

押韻複合詞 (Rhyming Compounds)
英文的押韻複合詞至少有三、四十個之多,如 funny-bunny, hodge-podge,中間的連字號 (hyphen) 可有可無。我們將盡量予以收錄齊全。
argy-bargy (ahr.jee.BAHR.jee) 熱烈的討論;爭論,爭執 (n.):In the corner of the pub, Ted and John were caught up in an argy-bargy over who paid the bill. 在酒館的角落裡。泰德和約翰為由誰買單發生爭執。
battle rattle 作戰時 (為保護自身安全) 所穿著和配戴的軍服和裝備 (n.):At 0001 hrs today we started to wear our "battle rattle," bracing ourselves for the threatened enemy attacks. 今天0001時我們開始著裝和配戴裝備,準備迎戰敵人的攻擊威脅。
boogie-woogie 一種以樂器 (尤其是鋼琴) 演奏的藍調。
bumper-jumper (美俗) 緊跟在別的車輛後面前進的車子 (tailgater) (n.):Be careful (that) don't let your car be a bumper-jumper. 注意別讓你的車子緊跟在別的車輛後面前進。
chit-chat 閒聊,閒談 (n., v.i.):He's not interested in listening to our idle chit-chat.他沒有興趣聽我們閒談。
cuddle puddle 1. 按摩浴缸 (n.): Strictly speaking, Jacuzzi is a brand name not a generic. ... Germans apparently call them 'little pools', while the Brits call them "cuddle puddles". 嚴格地說,Jacuzzi 是商標而非一般用語...,德國人稱之為 "little pools",而英國人則稱之為 "cuddle puddles"。2. 躺在地上相互按摩的一群人 (n.)。
dilly-dally 三心兩意地浪費時間 (v.i.):For a month the governor dillydallied over the choice of a successor.州長為了挑選繼承者已三心兩意地浪費時間有一個月之久。
even-steven (俗) 機會相等的,分數拉平的,平分的 (adj.):Here's $100 dollars I owe you. Now we're even-steven. 還你100塊,現在誰也不欠誰。亦寫成 even-Steven.
fuddy-duddy (美俚) 老古董,守舊的人 (n.);頑固不化的 (adj.): Young colleagues tend to regard him as a fuddy-duddy. 年輕的同事似乎都把他看成 LKK。
funny-bunny (美俗) 隱藏在暗處的警車 (n.):He found a funny bunny hid in the dark.他發現一部警車躲在暗處。
hanky-panky (美俗) 戲法,騙術,詐欺,卑劣手段,輕佻的行為 (n.):Don't play hanky-panky with me. 別跟我耍詐;別對我欺瞞。亦寫成 hankey-pankey, hanky pank. 與 hocus-pocus 同義。
harum-scarum 冒失鬼,輕率的行為 (n.);輕率的,冒失的,魯莽的 (adj.);輕率地,魯莽地 (adv.):He ran harum-scarum all over the place.他到處橫衝直撞。
heebie-jeebies (俚語) 毛髮悚然、不寒而慄、起雞皮疙瘩、緊張害怕 (n. 做複數用):Just thinking about ghosts gives me the heebie-jeebies. 一想到鬼我就毛髮悚然、不寒而慄。
helter-skelter 手忙腳亂地、慌張地、倉皇地、雜亂地、混亂地 (adv.);倉皇的、慌張的、混亂的 (adj.);慌張、狼狽 (n.): Clothes were scattered helter-skelter about the room. 衣服雜亂地散落在房間裡。They ran in a mad, helter-skelter fashion for the exits. 他們慌張倉皇地衝向出口。
helter-skelteriness n.
higgledy-piggledy 雜亂無章、亂七八糟、混亂、紊亂 (n., adj., adv.): Books are stacked in higgledy-piggledy piles on the floor. 地上的書本堆得亂七八糟。
highty-tighty 傲慢、自大 (adj., n.):He's very highty-tighty. 他非常高傲自大。與 hoity-toity 同義。
hocus-pocus 變戲法所用之無意義的咒語,戲法,魔術,詭計,欺騙 (n.);欺騙,詐欺 (vt.&vi.):The ills of society cannot be cured by political hocus-pocus. 社會弊病無法用政治魔術來消除。與 hanky-panky同義。
hodgepodge 雜食、混雜物、大雜燴 (n.): They have made the English language a hodgepodge of all other speeches. 他們已使英文成為各種文字的大雜燴。與 hotchpotch 同義。
hoity-toity 傲慢、自大 (adj., n.):He's very hoity-toity. 他非常高傲自大。與 highty-tighty 同義。
honky-tonk 下等或格調不高的酒吧、夜總會或舞廳 (n.);下等或格調不高的酒吧、夜總會或舞廳的,有很多這種酒吧、夜總會或舞廳的 (adj.):honky-tonk part of town. 城裏下等酒吧櫛比鱗次的地區。
hotchpotch 雜食、混雜物、大雜燴 (n.): They have made the English language a hodgepodge of all other speeches. 他們已使英文成為各種文字的大雜燴。與 hodgepodge 同義。
hubble-bubble 冒水泡的聲音,咕嚕咕嚕聲;吱吱喳喳的說話聲 (n.):You can hear noisy hubble-bubble from aquarium. 你可以聽到水族箱發出吵雜的水泡聲。
hugger-mugger 混亂、秘密 (n.;亦寫成 hugger-muggery);混亂地、秘密地 (adj., adv.;形容詞亦寫成 hugger-muggering);保密 (vt.);秘密行動 (vi.):The rooms were all hugger-mugger. 屋子亂糟糟的.
humpty-dumpty 矮胖的、短粗的 (adj.):She could not be made other than a humpty-dumpty. 不管怎麼打扮或改造,也改變不了她矮胖的身材。Humpty Dumpty 語出一童謠,為一矮胖之人,身材如蛋。
hurdy-gurdy 搖弦琴 (n.)
hurly-burly 喧囂、喧嘩 (n.):the hurly-burly of city life 城市生活的喧囂。
itsy-bitsy (= itty-bitty) 極小的、很小的 (adj.):an itsy-bitsy piece of cake 極小的一塊蛋糕。
mumbo-jumbo 胡扯、胡言亂語、難懂的術語、無意義的咒語 (n.): Don't give me that legal mumbo-jumbo. Tell me what the contract really says. 別盡說鬼扯蛋的法律術語,用白話告訴我合約的意思。
namby-pamby 軟弱的、娘娘腔的、馬馬虎虎的、打不定主意的、不果斷的 (adj.);娘娘腔的男人、傷感的人、傷感的詩文或談話 (n.): namby-pamby boys afraid to leave their mother's apron strings. 怕離開母親的柔弱男孩子。 namby-pambiness, namby-pambism (n.);namby-pambyish (adj.)。
nitty-gritty (美國俚語;在 Newsweek, Time 等雜誌上經常可看到這個字眼) 事情的要點,關鍵所在、詳情細節、實情 (n.):Let's skip the chit-chat and get down to the nitty-gritty. 別再閒談了,讓我們開門見山、直截了當地進入主題吧;根本的、詳細的、直接的、實際的 (adj.):nitty-gritty advice 直接的建議。
okey-doke 即 OK,亦寫成 okeydoke, okey-dokey, okle-dokle (adj., adv., interj.);這個字在美國一般社會人士的會話中經常聽得到。
palsy-walsy (俚語) 顯得很親熱的 (adj.): He got very palsy-walsy with the boss all of a sudden. 他突然顯得跟老闆很親熱。his palsy-walsy attitude. 他親熱的態度。
pell-mell 意思與用法跟 helter-skelter 相同:Away they run, pell-mell, helter-skelter, slap-dash. 它們全部慌亂地跑走。
pitter-patter (腳步、雨等的) 劈劈啪啪的聲響 (n., adv., vi.):She pitter-pattered along the hallway. 她在走廊上走著,發出劈劈啪啪聲。the pitter-patter of rain 雨打得劈劈啪啪響。
razzle-dazzle (美國俚語) 噱頭 (n.);五光十色、令人眼花撩亂的,耍噱頭的 (adj.);使迷惑,使眼花撩亂 (vt.):The show has plenty of razzle-dazzle but not much talent. 那場表演噱頭倒不少,但沒有顯示多大本領。
riff-raff 流氓,暴民,賤民,下等人 (n.);下等的,破爛的 (adj.):a pack of riff-raff 一群流氓。
roly-poly 矮胖的 (adj.);矮胖的人,(主英) 一種含葡萄乾的捲形布丁 (n.):a roly-poly child. 胖小孩。
shilly-shally 優柔寡斷,猶豫不決 (n., adj., adv., v.i.):I am shilly-shally about it in my own mind. 我心裡對此事猶豫不決。
super-duper (美俚) 最大,最好的 (adj.):He has a pair of super-duper Nike basketball shoes. 他有一雙頂級的耐吉籃球鞋。
tittle-tattle 蜚短流長,閒話,閒言閒語,搬弄是非 (n.,vi.):She is a woman who likes to tittle-tattle. 她是一個喜歡東家長西家短的長舌婦。
topsy-turvy 混亂,亂七八糟,顛倒,顛三倒四,本末倒置 (n.,adj.,adv.,v.t.):Everything had been topsy-turvy. 諸事都本末倒置。
toy boy 被年紀較大的女人包養或吃軟飯的小白臉 (n. -- 英國俚語):He is a toy boy because he has been kept as a lover by a rich old woman for five years. 他是個小白臉,因為他已被一名老富婆包養了五年之久。
willy-nilly 不管願不願意,不管怎樣,亂七八糟地 (adv.);猶豫不決的 (adj.):Willy-nilly, every youth must serve as a soldier for two years.不管願不願意,每位青年都要服兩年兵役。
zig-zag 彎曲,曲折,鋸齒狀 (n., adj., adv., v.i., v.t.):a zig-zag way 曲折迂迴的路。


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  发贴心情 Post By:2007-10-18 11:16:00

Project RW - the English pavilion
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Before we take a look at the words themselves, let me quote Arthur Lawrie (arthur.lawrie*ukgateway.net), who mentioned a generic way of making the rhyming words by using the Yiddish expression that provides an instant derisive rejoinder:


XY - SCHMY

as in "rules-schmules", "lawyer-schmawyer" or "Georgia-Schmorgia". Arthur is also the largest contributor of the Rhyming Words project and by now it is fair to say that he is the co-owner of the English pavilion.


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Rhyming Words
AIRY-FAIRY (rh, delicate or lovely;not based on reality)
ARGY-BARGY (commotion, argument, tumult)
ARTSY-FARTSY (rh, pretentiously artistic; also ARTY-FARTY)
BAND.STAND (* a stage on which musical ensembles perform)
BARMY_ARMY (* fans who travel abroad to support the England cricket team)
BEDDIE-WEDDIE (ams - a bed)
BLACK.JACK (a gambling game)
BOOGIE-WOOGIE (a style of playing blues)
BRAIN_DRAIN (emigration of talented people)
CAKE-BAKE (a mixture for baking into a cake)
CHICK-FLICK (a movie suitable for women of all ages)
CHILLER-DILLER (ams - a movie or a book based on suspense and horror)
CHOP-SHOP (where thieves strip a car for salable parts)
CHOPPER.COPPER (a helicopter borne policeman)
CLAP.TRAP (pretentious nonsense (to gain applause cheaply))
COOK_BOOK (a book of recipes)
DEAD.HEAD (a vacuous person)
DIZZY-WIZZY (ams - any drug in pill form)
DREAM_TEAM ( a team of ideal composition)
DRINKY-WINKY (* surreptitious or bashful reference to alcoholic drink)
DUCKY-WUCKY (ams - fine, wonderful)
EASY-PEASY (easy, simple)
EEKSY-PEEKSY (a Scots expression meaning in equal portions, even Stevens)
FAVE_RAVE (slang for favorite record)
FENDER-BENDER (AmE a minor automobile accident)
FIDDLE-FADDLE (to fuss; to fiddle with trifles)
FIGHT_NIGHT (a televised evening boxing bout, or a series of bouts)
FLICK-CHICK (a hairstyle for women)
FLOWER_POWER (* the hippy philosophy of the 60s)
FOOTSIE-WOOTSIE (ams - intimate action, as in courting business favors)
FUDDLE-DUDDLE (rh, canad. - to depart, be off)
FUDDY-DUDDY (an old-fashioned, conservative person; also FUSTY-DUSTY)
FUZZY-WUZZY (a Sudanese warrior)
GANG-BANG (an rape by a number of assailants)
GENDER-BENDER (a person who dresses like a member of the opposite sex)
GRAND.STAND (a principal stand at a racetrack)
GRASS-ASS (a person who can expect to be interred)
HANDY-DANDY (quick to hand; make a guess; also HANDY-ANDY)
HANDSY-WANDSY (ams - hands)
HANKY-PANKY (trickery, fornication)
HAND.STAND (* a gymnastic manoeuvre)
HAPPY-CLAPPY (* derogatory description of populist evangelical ceremonial)
HAPPY-CHAPPY (* a fellow of fine fettle)
HARE-KARE (Japanese ritual suicide)
HARUM-SCARUM (reckless; wild)
HEEBIE-JEEBIES (rh - a condition of extreme nervousness)
HELL'S_BELLS (rh - exclamation of surprise)
HELTER-SKELTER (in hurry and confusion)
HERKIMER-JERKIMER (ams - a jerk)
HEUCHTER-TEUCHTER (a derogatory lowland Scots' expression for Highlanders)
HICKERY-PICKERY (a purgative drug made from aloes and canella bark)
HIGGLEDY-PIGGLEDY (in confusion)
HIPPER-DIPPER (ams - superb)
HIPPY-DIPPY (* having turned one's back on material society)
HOBSON-JOBSON (a word resulting from the corruption of an Oriental word)
HOCUS-POCUS (a pretended incantation)
HODDY-DODDY (ams - an insignificant person, a fool)
HODGE_PODGE (a stew of various ingredients, a mixture, also HOTCH-POTCH)
HOITY-TOITY (thoughtless; giddy; patronizing)
HOKEY-COKEY (a dance performed at parties for children and old folks)
HOKEY-POKEY (colloq. for hocus-pocus)
HOLDING_FOLDING (* adj. in possession of disposable cash)
HOLLY-GOLLY (ams - nonsense, boloney; also HULLY-GULLY)
HOOCHY-COOCHY (reference to acts of fornication, also HOOTCHY-KOOTCHY)
HOOFER-DOOFER (* mechanical or electrical device, esp. TV remote control)
HOTSY-POTSY (comfortably stable or secure)
HOUSE_MOUSE (selfexplanatory :-)
HUBBLE-BUBBLE (a kind of tobacco pipe; a kind of knot; also HUBBLY-BUBBLY)
HUDDER-MUDDER (ox) concealment, secresy
HUFF-DUFF (ox) a device for determining the direction of radio signals
HUGGER-MUGGER (to keep secret)
HUMPTY-DUMPTY (a round and fat person)
HUNKIE-DUNKIE (ams - fine, ok)
HURDY-GURDY (a string instrument)
HURLY-BURLY (a noisy activity)
HURRY-DURRY (windy and rainy (obsolete))
HURRY-SCURRY (a confused rush; turmoil; also HURRY-SKURRY)
HUSTLE-BUSTLE (* a commotion, melee)
ITSY-BITSY (tiny, also ITTY-BITTY)
JEEPERS_CREEPERS (ams - an excl. of mild astonishment)
JEEZY-PEEZY (ams - an expression of surprise or disgust)
JOBSIE-WOBSIE (ams - a job)
KICKSIE-WICKSIE (ams - a wife, a woman)
KILLER-DILLER (ams - an attractive person or thing)
LARDY-DARDY (rh, brit. - characterized by excessive elegance)
LOOSEY-GOOSEY (rh - relaxed)
LOVEY_DOVEY (rh - amorously affectionate)
MASTER_BLASTER (Am slang for a music presenter, broadcaster or producer)
MUMBO_JUMBO (gibberish)
NAMBY-PAMBY (weakly sentimental)
NASTY-WASTY (ams - wicked, mean)
NIGHT-LIGHT (dim light kept burning through the night)
NIMINY-PIMINY (too nice altogether)
NITTY-GRITTY (rh - details of a matter)
OKEY-DOKEY (ok; also OKIE-DOKIE, OKLE-DOKLE)
OOLY-DROOLY (ams - puppy love)
PALL-MALL (an old game; also a busy London street)
PALLY-WALLY (overtly showing friendship)
PALSY-WALSY (rh - intimate)
PELL-MELL (in mingled confusion;without distinction)
PHONUS_BOLONUS (something or someone phoney; also PHONEY_BALONEY)
PIGGY-WIGGY (childishly selfish)
PING-WING (ams - an injection of narcotics)
POINTY-JOINTY (the act of severing links with a companion, "an elbow")
POOLSIE-WOOLSIE (ams - a game of rotation pool)
POOPER-SCOOPER (* a device used for cleaning up after dogs)
POWER-SHOWER (a shower with a high volume flow)
PRIME_TIME (ideal time (usually in broadcasting))
RACKET-JACKET (ams - a jacket, zoot suit)
RAGGLE-TAGGLE (composed of diverse, often incongruous elements)
RANGLE-DANGLE (ams - festoon, a dangling ornament)
RAZZLE-DAZZLE (to loiter, a state of confusion)
REPPLE-DEPPLE (ams - a replacement depot for soldiers, also REP-DEP)
RINKY-DINKY (ams - a cheap merchandise, junk; also RINKY-DINK)
ROCK_JOCK (a big time rock climbing stud)
ROLY-POLY (pudding; short and pudgy)
ROOTIN'-TOOTIN' (ams - noisy, boisterous)
ROWDY-DOWDY (ams - noise, rowdiness)
RUMPY-PUMPY (fornication, also RUMPTY-TUMPTY)
RUSTY-DUSTY (ams - anything not active or recently used)
SACKY-DACKY (ams - a bed)
SHADY_LADY (a woman of dubious or unknown virtue)
SHAKEY_QUAKEY (a van that educate youngsters about earthquakes)
SHOCK_JOCK (* a radio broadcaster)
SILLY_BILLY (rh - a clownish person)
SLANG.WHANG (ams - nonsense)
SNAIL-MAIL (regular postal communication, as distinguished from e-mail)
SOOGIE-MOOGIE (ams - scrubbing paint work, also SUJEE-MUJEE)
SPACE_RACE (a rivalry between USA and USSR to explore space)
SUPER-DUPER (of the greatest excellence; also SOOPER-DOOPER)
TEENIE-WEENIE (very small; minute; also "TEENY-WEENY", "TEENSY-WEENSY")
THRILLER-DILLER (ams - suspense movie or book; also THRILLER-CHILLER)
TOOTSIE-WOOTSIE (ams - an attractive girl, also TOOTSY-WOOTSY)
TRANCE-DANCE (* musical style, a sub-genre of "rave")
TUTTI-FRUTTI (a confection consisting of different kinds of fruits)
UBBLE-GUBBLE (ams - a meaningless talk)
WALKIE-TALKIE (rh - a portable radio device)
WACKY-BACKY (marijuana, more frequently as WACKY-BACCY)
WHIMSY-WHAMSY (ams - a whim, capriciousness, also WHIM-WHAM)
WHOOPER-DOOPER (ams - a spree)
WILD-CHILD (Br slang - a teenage girl who indulges in adult activities)
WILLY-NILLY (having no regard for one's wishes)
WING-DING (a nervous seizure or fit induced by drugs, also WHING-DING)
YOCK-DOCK (ams - narcotics, also YOCKY-DOCK)
ZOOT-SOOT (a suit of extreme cut; also ZOOT SUIT)



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Words with an altered vowel
BIBBLE-BABBLE (ams - a babble)
CHATTER-CHITTER (ams - idle talk)
CHIFF-CHAFF (a small grayish European warbler)
CHIT.CHAT (indulge in a small talk)
CRISS-CROSS (to pass back and forth through or over)
DILLY_DALLY (to waste time)
DING-DONG (ams - a bell; a heated argument)
DINGLE-DANGLE (ams - anything that dangles, the penis)
DRIP-DROP (slow change or influence; attrition)
DRIZZLE-DRAZZLE (ams - drizzle)
FLIM_FLAM (tricky, deceptive; to swindle)
FLIP-FLOP (a repeated sound of something loose - also FLIP-FLAP)
FRIZZLE-FRAZZLE (burnt, over-exposed to chem. elements, unkempt (of hair))
HIGGLE-HAGGLE (to chaffer)
JIBBER-JABBER (ams - to jabber)
JINGLE-JANGLE (ams - a money)
KNICK-KNACK (a petty trick)
MISH.MASH (jumble, also MISH-MOSH)
NICK-NACK (a small or trivial article, also KNICK-KNACK, or NIC-NAC)
PING-PONG (table tennis)
PITTER-PATTER (a rapid rhythmical succession of light sounds and beats)
RIFF-RAFF (mean, trashy; rubbish)
SCRITCH-SCRATCH (with repeated scratching in writing)
SHILLY-SHALLY (in an irresolute or hesitating manner; to waste time)
SING-SONG (singalong; having a melodic inflection)
SLIP-SLOP (messy, causing spillage; hurried, haphazard)
SPLISH-SPLASH (to fall with a repeated splashing sound)
TICK.TACK (a sound made by a clock; also TICK-TOCK or TIC-TAC)
TIPPETTY-TOPPETTY (tip-top, pristine, perfect)
TISH-TOSH (Scots equivalent of "stuff and nonsense")
TITTLE-TATTLE (gossip; to talk idly; also DIDDLE-DADDLE)
TITTER-TOTTER (seesaw; teeter; also TEETER-TOTTER)
WIBBLY-WOBBLY (unsteady, intoxicated)
WIGGLE-WAGGLE (ams - to sway, to gossip)
WISHY-WASHY (thin and pale)



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Some Related Words (often slang)
AMBER-GAMBLER (BrE, a driver who moves off prematurely at traffic lights)
ANALYSIS.PARALYSIS (inaction resulting from undertaking excessive research)
BEAVER_FEVER (an animal disease)
BISCUIT_BASKET (goal net in ice-hockey)
BONA-PALONA (vernacular for good, wholesome)
BOOB-TUBE (a garment; television)
BROLLY_DOLLY (motorcycle racing groupie)
CHIP.SHOP (a shop selling fast food of fish and chips)
CHOC-A-BLOC (crammed full, loaded to capacity)
CLASSY_CHASSIS (vulgar term for a comely female body)
CULTURE_VULTURE (a devotee of cultural pursuits)
DEAD_HEAD (a fan of the Grateful Dead)
FIRTH.OF.FOURTH (n sea inlet and estuary of River Forth in Scotland)
FIRTH.OF.FIFTH (a song by Genesis)
FLIBBERTY.GIBBERT (a gossip; a flighty woman)
FORESHORE (a beach)
FOURSCORE (eighty)
FOUR-DOOR (having four doors - of cars)
FRAUD_SQUAD (a police charged with investigation defalcation)
GRUESOME.TWOSOME (a hideous, grisly or generally unpleasant duo)
HAIRY_CANARY (having an aggressive posture; puffed up)
HONKY-TONK (a type of upright piano; a hostelry equipped with such)
ITALIAN.STALLION (an Italian womanizer)
JIGGERY-POKERY (tomfoolery, pranks, mischievous fun)
JUNE_MOON (full moon on balmy nights of early summer, cf. harvest moon)
LAVA_JAVA (strong Javanese coffee)
LEGAL_EAGLE (a sharp lawyer with an aptitude for hair-splitting)
LUVVY-DOVEY (affection being displayed in an exaggerated manner)
NEVER-NEVER (something forbidden, UK colloq. a hire purchase)
NIFF-NOFF (male private member - colloq.)
PEELY-WALLY (a fine Scots expression meaning pale, sallow or pallid)
PRIZE_GUYS (prime males - those who have succeeded in competition)
RICH_BITCH (a woman of means, who is usually meddling and malicious)
ROLLED_GOLD (a type of gold plating or embellishment)
ROPE-A-DOPE (boxing term for mismatched contest)
ROOTY-TOOT (ams - old fashioned music, corny; also ROOT-TOOT-TOOT)
SHINY HINEY (the back doors of a trailer)
SOAP_ON_A_ROPE (a popular toiletry of the 1970s)
SPRUCE_GOOSE (H. Hughes' wooden flying boat; the world's largest aircraft)
STRANGER_DANGER (a threat to children from malicious strangers)
STUPID_CUPID (irrational or wilful fate operating in affairs of the heart)
SUPER-TROUPER (a type of spotlight)
SWAP.SHOP (a place of making exchanges in kind)
SWEET.MEAT (confectionery)
TART_WITH_A_HEART (woman of easy virtue who is nevertheless compassionate)
TONE.PHONE (a phone, each key of which generates a distinct audible tone)
TOPSY-TURVY (in a state of confusion)
TRUE.BLUE )conservative, Tory; patriotic)
USER-CHOOSER (an item that has been selected by the person who will use it)
WAIT.STATE (neutral or equilibrium state in electronic circuitry)
WEE.FREE (a small gratuity or gift, a "freebie")
WHIPPER.SNAPPER (a hubristic youth, an upstart)
WHITE KNIGHT (a rescuer; in corporate take-overs)
WOOLY_PULLY (a woolen pullover)



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Short Words, i.e. 6-7 letters
BIG.WIG (an important person)
BOW-WOW (ams - a dog, a sausage, a gun)
COP.SHOP (a slang term for a police station)
CROP-TOP (a garment cut short so as to expose the midriff)
FAT_CAT (a wealthy person, a complacent and lethargic person)
HEY.DAY (a zenith, prime)
HIP-HOP (a musical style)
HOB-NOB (to socialize; also a kind of biscuit)
HOT-POT (a stew, esp. one made to traditional Lancashire recipe)
HOT.SHOT (a marksman; conspicuously proficient practitioner)
HUM.DRUM (mundane, routine, pedestrian)
ILL-WILL (malevolent predisposition; bad feeling)
JET_SET (those who regularly fly to international destination)
JIM-JAM (ams - to jam, to jazz up)
JIM.JAMS (jitters, also WIM-WAMS; BrE pyjamas)
KOW-TOW (to be too humble towards)
MAU-MAU (music or dance that is seen as base or uncivilised)
MAY.DAY (a distress call)
MOP-TOP (the head of a mop; a person with a luxuriant or unkempt hair)
NAY-SAY (to vote "no")
NIT-WIT (a dimwit)
NO-SHOW (absence; absentee; to fail to attend)
OLD_GOLD (a color or tint, esp. in paper production)
PALE.ALE (a type of weak beer)
PAY-DAY (a day on which one receives remuneration)
PEE.WEE (a person of short stature)
PEG-LEG (a wooden leg)
PIC.NIC (an outdoor meal)
POT-SHOT (a speculative shot; an attempt to get "one for the pot")
POW-WOW (a conference to discuss strategy)
RAG.MAG (annual student publication for raising money during "rag week")
RAG-TAG (riff-raff, raggle-taggle)
ROW-DOW (ams - an exaggerated syncopation in jazz)
RUM-DUM (ams - drunk, stupid from constant drinking)
SIN-BIN (a detention place in Rugby League)
STUN-GUN (a gun for delivering incapacitating electrical charge)
SWAG.BAG (a receptacle for loot)
TIP-TOP (excellent)
TIT-BIT (a morsel)
TOW-DOWS (trousers)
TOY-BOY (a gigolo)
WAY-LAY (to interrupt, ambush, divert or detain; to sidetrack or sideline)
WHAM-BAM (ams - quickly and roughly, a quick intercourse)
WIG.WAG (ams - a railway grade-crossing signal)
ZIG-ZAG (erratic motion, ams - a sexual intercourse, also YIG-YAG)



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Proper names and brand names
ACE_OF_BASE (a pop group)
ANDY_PANDY (children's TV character)
BELLA.BELLA (a town in B.C., Canada)
BERYL THE PERIL (a female equivalent of Dennis the Menace)
BINARY_FINERY (current pop group)
BOTT'S DOTS (reflective pavement markers - named after Dr. Elbert Bott)
BUSY_LIZZY (a common garden plant, also BUSY LIZZIE)
CLEVER-TREVOR (a bright person)
CURLY_WURLY (confectionery)
DELHI-BELLY (a stomach upset, often caught in India)
DENNIS THE MENACE (a cartoon character, archetypal bad boy)
ELVIS.THE.PELVIS (nickname for Elvis Presley)
EVEN-STEVEN (ams - even, fair; evenly)
FIVE_ALIVE (a drink, being a mixture of five fruit juices)
FLEET-STREET (UK newspapers)
JOE_BLOW (ams - a mealtime, any man at all)
JOE_SCHMO (the common (US) person)
JUICY-LUCY (a sensuous and desirable girl)
KING-KONG (a really big ape)
LYNYRD SKYNYRD (1970s US rock band)
MILLI VANILLI (1980s US band)
PLAIN-JANE (girl of bland appearance)
QUIET RIOT (US rock band)
ROGER THE DODGER ((behaving like) a character from children's literature)
SCRITTI_POLITTI (1980s pop group)
SLIM-JIM (a man of slender build)
STEADY-EDDIE (a reliable, even-keeled person)
SWEATY BETTY (a card game)
TIN-TIN (Herge's cartoon character, fighting evil with Captain Haddock)
TINKY-WINKY (teletubby)
TOP SHOP (UK clothes retailer)
TRICKY DICKIE (a devious person)



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English words with -and-
BEAR AND FORBEAR (to suffer sth. disadvantageous instead of taking action)
BYE AND BYE (in due course, attritively)
CLERKS AND JERKS (soldiers in other than front line units)
DRIBS AND DRABS (final sporadic instances, dregs)
FLOTSAM AND JETSAM (goods and fittings jettisoned from a ship)
HANDBAGS AND GLADRAGS (attire worn at social functions)
HIGH AND DRY (above the high water mark; stranded)
HIRE AND FIRE (to employ and dismiss without compunction)
HITHER AND THITHER (here and there)
HUFF AND PUFF (endeavor)
HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS (all quarters, every part)
KITH AND KIN (immediate family and clan)
NAME AND SHAME (to publicise wrong-doing that is not strictly illegal)
ODDS AND SODS (BrE odds and ends)
PAY AND DISPLAY (a car park requiring purchasing and displaying a ticket)
ROUGH AND TOUGH (uncouth, physical)
SPICK AND SPAN (clean and tidy)
THRILLS AND SPILLS (dramatic incidents)
WEAR AND TEAR (normal depreciation)
WHIRL AND HURL (an older amusement ride; usually "whirl-'n'-hurl")
WINED AND DINED (fed and refreshed)
WORKERS AND SHIRKERS (a description of the disparate attitudes to work)

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English words with -the-
BY THE BY (incidentally, by the way)
TALK THE TALK (to have the appearance or sound of authenticity)
WALK THE WALK (to be authentic)


?1999 Jan Rehacek, Arthur Lawrie
本贴来自多媒体乐学奇境 http://www.dumengqiu.cn/


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